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Croatia in the union with Hungary
The Kingdom of Croatia ((ラテン語:Regnum Croatiae); (クロアチア語:Hrvatsko kraljevstvo or Kraljevina Hrvatska)), after a period of rule of kings from the Trpimirović and Svetoslavić dynasties and a succession crisis following the death of king Demetrius Zvonimir, entered a union with the Kingdom of Hungary in 1102. With the coronation of King Coloman of Hungary as "King of Croatia and Dalmatia" in 1102 in Biograd, the realm passed to the Árpád dynasty until 1301, when the (male) line of the dynasty died out. Then, kings from the Capetian House of Anjou, who were also cognatic descendants of the Árpád kings, ruled the kingdoms. Later centuries were characterized by conflicts with the Mongols, who sacked Zagreb in 1242, competition with Venice for control over Dalmatian coastal cities, and internal warfare among Croatian nobility. Various powerful nobles emerged in the time period, like Paul I Šubić of Bribir and Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić, that secured de facto independence for their realms. The Ottoman incursion into Europe in the 16th century significantly reduced Croatian territories and left the country weak and divided. The last common king was Louis II from the Jagiellonian dynasty. After his death in 1526 during the Battle of Mohács and a brief period of dynastic dispute, both crowns passed to the Austrian House of Habsburg, and the realms became part of the Habsburg Monarchy.
Some of the terms of Coloman's coronation and the later status of the Croatian nobles are detailed in the Pacta Conventa, a document preserved only in transcript from the 14th century. The precise terms of this relationship became a matter of dispute in the 19th century; nonetheless, even in dynastic union with Hungary, institutions of separate Croatian statehood were maintained through the Sabor (an assembly of Croatian nobles) and the ban (viceroy). In addition, the Croatian nobles retained their lands and titles.〔
==Name==
The diplomatic name of the kingdom was "Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia" ((ラテン語:Regnum Croatiae et Dalmatiae)) until 1359 when a plural form "kingdoms" ((ラテン語:regna)) came to use.〔Lujo Margetić: (Hrvatska i Crkva u srednjem vijeku, Pravnopovijesne i povijesne studije ), Rijeka, 2000, p. 91〕〔Ferdo Šišić: (Povijest Hrvata u vrijeme narodnih vladara ), p. 523〕 The change was a consequence of the victory of Louis I against the Republic of Venice and the Treaty of Zadar, by which the Venetian Republic lost its influence over Dalmatian coastal cities.〔 However, the kingdom was still mostly referred to as the Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia until Venice regained the Dalmatian coast in 1409. The most common Croatian language form of the name was ''Hrvatska zemlja'' ("Croatian country" or "Croatian land").〔(Dragomir Džoić: Federalističke teorije i hrvatska država ), 1998, p. 75〕〔Ferdo Šišić: Geschichte der Kroaten, 1917, p. 385〕
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